1. If a plant cell has its cell wall removed and is placed in a
hypotonic solution, what will happen to the cell?
a. The cell will already
be dead because plant cells cannot survive without a cell wall.
b. The cell will expand and eventually burst.
c. The cell will shrink because the vacuole gets smaller.
d. Nothing obvious would happen.
e. The nucleus will burst, but the cell will stay intact.
b. The cell will expand and eventually burst.
c. The cell will shrink because the vacuole gets smaller.
d. Nothing obvious would happen.
e. The nucleus will burst, but the cell will stay intact.
2. Under a light microscope, tiny dots can be seen in the cytoplasm
of living plant and animal cells. These are likely to be:
a. chloroplasts.
b. ribosomes.
c. mitochondria.
d. nuclei.
e. chromosomes.
b. ribosomes.
c. mitochondria.
d. nuclei.
e. chromosomes.
3. Which statement is FALSE?
a. During the process of
exocytosis, the lumen (inner) surface of a secretory vesicle becomes the inside
of the plasma (cell) membrane.
b. Cilia, microtubules, and flagella are all associated with movement in cells.
c. A function of the nucleus is duplicating the genes for cell division.
d. Proteins that are to be secreted by the cell are generally synthesized by membrane-bound ribosomes.
e. Active transport involves movement of molecules into a cell against their concentration gradient.
b. Cilia, microtubules, and flagella are all associated with movement in cells.
c. A function of the nucleus is duplicating the genes for cell division.
d. Proteins that are to be secreted by the cell are generally synthesized by membrane-bound ribosomes.
e. Active transport involves movement of molecules into a cell against their concentration gradient.
4. A scientist who worked on a single-celled green plant (an alga)
treated it with ultraviolet light and produced mutant cells that did not
contain chloroplasts. To keep these cells alive, the scientist had to:
a. provide them with
high light intensity.
b. keep them in the dark.
c. provide them with a sugar solution.
d. give them chlorophyll.
e. increase the temperature.
b. keep them in the dark.
c. provide them with a sugar solution.
d. give them chlorophyll.
e. increase the temperature.
5. Cotyledons are the first leaves produced by the embryos of
vascular plants. Which of the following is NOT a physiological function of cotyledons?
a. Absorption of
carbohydrates from the endosperm.
b. Photosynthesis.
c. Storage of proteins.
d. Storage of lipids.
e. Vegetative propagation.
b. Photosynthesis.
c. Storage of proteins.
d. Storage of lipids.
e. Vegetative propagation.
6. The vessel elements of the xylem transport water and nutrients
under negative pressure. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of vessel elements?
a. Cells are elongate in
shape.
b. Thickened rigid secondary walls are present.
c. The end walls are lysed, forming a perforation.
d. Wide-diameter pores are present at the ends of the cell.
e. The nucleus and cytoplasm undergo autolysis.
b. Thickened rigid secondary walls are present.
c. The end walls are lysed, forming a perforation.
d. Wide-diameter pores are present at the ends of the cell.
e. The nucleus and cytoplasm undergo autolysis.
7. The pressure flow hypothesis for the mechanism of phloem transport
was developed over 60 years ago by the German plant physiologist Ernst Muench
and still remains the "front runner" as an explanation of how the
plant moves carbohydrates over long distances. Which of the following
observations provides direct support for Muench's
hypothesis?
a. Transpiration occurs
from open stomata on leaves and stems during the day.
b. Turgor pressure in the sieve tubes of a fully expanded tomato leaf is higher than the turgor in the sieve tubes of a developing tomato fruit.
c. Vessels transport water under negative pressure.
d. Carbohydrates move within the plant from sink to source.
e. The osmotic potential of the sieve tubes in a root tip is more negative than that of the sieve tubes in the leaf.
b. Turgor pressure in the sieve tubes of a fully expanded tomato leaf is higher than the turgor in the sieve tubes of a developing tomato fruit.
c. Vessels transport water under negative pressure.
d. Carbohydrates move within the plant from sink to source.
e. The osmotic potential of the sieve tubes in a root tip is more negative than that of the sieve tubes in the leaf.
8. Charles Darwin and his son Francis experimented with phototropism
of grass seedlings by placing a metal foil "blindfold" over different
parts of the seedling's coleoptile. A simplified version of their results is
shown below. Which of the following statements best explains their results?
a. The light signal is
perceived a few millimetres below the tip, and these cells cause the coleoptile
to grow toward the light.
b. Both the seedling root and coleoptile perceive and respond to light in the same manner.
c. A chemical messenger must travel from the base of the coleoptile to the tip.
d. The light signal is perceived at the tip of the coleoptile, but the growth response occurs a few millimetres below the tip.
e. The coleoptile bends because cells on the side toward the light grow faster than those on the shaded side.
b. Both the seedling root and coleoptile perceive and respond to light in the same manner.
c. A chemical messenger must travel from the base of the coleoptile to the tip.
d. The light signal is perceived at the tip of the coleoptile, but the growth response occurs a few millimetres below the tip.
e. The coleoptile bends because cells on the side toward the light grow faster than those on the shaded side.
9. In 1925, the Japanese biologist Eiichi Kurosawa showed that the bakanae ("foolish seedling") disease of rice
was caused by a substance produced by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. The substance was named gibberellin and was
shown to cause elongation of stem tissues. Which of the following statements
about gibberellin is FALSE?
a. Pea plants carrying
the dwarf mutation would be expected to have higher levels of gibberellin in
their stems than normal plants.
b. If gibberellin is applied to the stems of dwarf pea plants, the stems elongate so that plant reach normal height.
c. Dwarf pea plants have a mutation in the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway.
d. Normal pea plants respond to gibberellin by growing even taller.
e. The gibberellin produced by the fungus caused normal healthy rice plants to become unusually tall.
b. If gibberellin is applied to the stems of dwarf pea plants, the stems elongate so that plant reach normal height.
c. Dwarf pea plants have a mutation in the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway.
d. Normal pea plants respond to gibberellin by growing even taller.
e. The gibberellin produced by the fungus caused normal healthy rice plants to become unusually tall.
10. Which of the following statements about Mendelian genetics is FALSE?
a. Alternate forms of
genes are called alleles.
b. A locus is a gene's location on its chromosome.
c. Only two alleles can exist for a given gene.
d. A genotype is a description of the alleles that represent an individual's genes.
e. Individuals with the same phenotype can have different genotypes.
b. A locus is a gene's location on its chromosome.
c. Only two alleles can exist for a given gene.
d. A genotype is a description of the alleles that represent an individual's genes.
e. Individuals with the same phenotype can have different genotypes.
11. In corn, the trait for tall plants (T) is dominant to the
trait for dwarf plants (t) and the trait for coloured kernels (C)
is dominant to the trait for white kernels (c). In a particular cross of
corn plants, the probability of an offspring being tall is 0.5 and the
probability of a kernel being coloured is 0.75. Which of the following most
probably represents the parental genotypes?
a. TtCc x TtCc
b. TtCc x ttCc
c. TtCc x ttcc
d. TTCc x ttCc
e. TTCc x TtCC
b. TtCc x ttCc
c. TtCc x ttcc
d. TTCc x ttCc
e. TTCc x TtCC
12. A cell cycle consists of:
a. mitosis and meiosis.
b. G1, the S phase, and G2.
c. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
d. interphase and mitosis.
e. meiosis and fertilization.
b. G1, the S phase, and G2.
c. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
d. interphase and mitosis.
e. meiosis and fertilization.
13. How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with the diploid
cell from which they were derived?
a. They have twice the
amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.
b. They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
c. They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
d. They have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.
e. They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.
b. They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
c. They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
d. They have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.
e. They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.
14. Which statement is CORRECT?
a. Viruses can grow in
food in your refrigerator.
b. All viruses are dangerous to humans.
c. Viruses are prokaryotic organisms.
d. Viruses can take over control of eukaryotic cells.
e. Viruses are slightly larger than bacteria.
b. All viruses are dangerous to humans.
c. Viruses are prokaryotic organisms.
d. Viruses can take over control of eukaryotic cells.
e. Viruses are slightly larger than bacteria.
15. When a doctor gives you an antibiotic when you are sick, he/she
always tells you to keep taking the antibiotic until it is all finished. The
reason he/she tells you this is because:
a. it is wasteful not to
finish all the antibiotic.
b. viruses require high doses of antibiotics to kill them.
c. allowing the more antibiotic-tolerant bacteria to survive may encourage a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to evolve.
d. a long period of antibiotic use is required to prevent secondary virus infection.
e. bacteria have a cell wall and thus it takes a long time for antibiotics to work.
b. viruses require high doses of antibiotics to kill them.
c. allowing the more antibiotic-tolerant bacteria to survive may encourage a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to evolve.
d. a long period of antibiotic use is required to prevent secondary virus infection.
e. bacteria have a cell wall and thus it takes a long time for antibiotics to work.
16. Which statement is FALSE? Bacteria are involved in:
a. animal diseases.
b. decomposing dead organic matter.
c. nitrogen processing in the soil.
d. food digestion in animals.
e. alcohol production in beer.
b. decomposing dead organic matter.
c. nitrogen processing in the soil.
d. food digestion in animals.
e. alcohol production in beer.
17. The secretion of a less than normal amount of the hormone gastrin
would have which effect?
a. Stomach pH would
decrease.
b. Protein digestion in the stomach would decrease.
c. Carbohydrate digestion in the stomach would increase.
d. Secretion of alkaline mucus in the stomach lining would increase.
e. The sensation of heartburn would begin.
b. Protein digestion in the stomach would decrease.
c. Carbohydrate digestion in the stomach would increase.
d. Secretion of alkaline mucus in the stomach lining would increase.
e. The sensation of heartburn would begin.
18. Food passing beyond the back teeth signals all of the following EXCEPT:
a. churning of the stomach
contents.
b. elevation of the palate to seal off the nasal cavity.
c. folding of the epiglottis over the trachea.
d. pressure against the pharynx initiating swallowing.
e. signals from the swallowing centre inhibit breathing.
b. elevation of the palate to seal off the nasal cavity.
c. folding of the epiglottis over the trachea.
d. pressure against the pharynx initiating swallowing.
e. signals from the swallowing centre inhibit breathing.
19. Gas exchange in animals always involves:
a. cellular respiration.
b. breathing movements.
c. neural control of exchange.
d. diffusion across membranes.
e. active transport of gases.
b. breathing movements.
c. neural control of exchange.
d. diffusion across membranes.
e. active transport of gases.
20. Which statement explains why fish spend a lot of energy removing
oxygen from water?
a. They have to pump
large volumes of water through their gills to keep their respiratory membranes
moist.
b. The CO2 content of their tissues is much higher than that of terrestrial animals.
c. Their gills are covered with protective plates which make it more difficult for them to process the oxygen from air.
d. They have to pump large volumes of water out of their gills because of water's high oxygen content.
e. They have to pump large volumes of water through their gills because of water's low oxygen content.
b. The CO2 content of their tissues is much higher than that of terrestrial animals.
c. Their gills are covered with protective plates which make it more difficult for them to process the oxygen from air.
d. They have to pump large volumes of water out of their gills because of water's high oxygen content.
e. They have to pump large volumes of water through their gills because of water's low oxygen content.
21. In the cardiac cycle, blood pressure is at a maximum when:
a. the atria are
contracting during systole.
b. the atria are contracting during diastole.
c. the ventricles are contracting during systole.
d. the ventricles are relaxing during systole.
e. the ventricles are relaxing during diastole.
b. the atria are contracting during diastole.
c. the ventricles are contracting during systole.
d. the ventricles are relaxing during systole.
e. the ventricles are relaxing during diastole.
22. Where is blood pressure lowest during diastole?
a. arteries
b. ventricles
c. capillaries
d. venules
e. veins
b. ventricles
c. capillaries
d. venules
e. veins
23. The series of mitotic divisions a zygote goes through immediately
after fertilization is called:
a. cleavage.
b. blastomere.
c. blastula.
d. blastocoel.
e. blastodisk.
b. blastomere.
c. blastula.
d. blastocoel.
e. blastodisk.
24. The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle:
a. is associated with
dropping levels of estrogen and progesterone.
b. is when the endometrium begins to degenerate and menstrual flow occurs.
c. corresponds with the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle.
d. is the beginning of the menstrual flow.
e. corresponds with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
b. is when the endometrium begins to degenerate and menstrual flow occurs.
c. corresponds with the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle.
d. is the beginning of the menstrual flow.
e. corresponds with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
25. The functional group written as -COOH is called the:
a. hydroxyl group.
b. carbonyl group.
c. amino group.
d. ketone group.
e. carboxyl group.
b. carbonyl group.
c. amino group.
d. ketone group.
e. carboxyl group.
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